Western Sydney University, formerly and officially the University of Western Sydney, is an Australian multi-campus university in the Greater Western region of Sydney.
With the initiation of
education and awareness, University everywhere are influencing and
participating in mainstream of development. However, the scenario of the Third
World differs from that of the Western world. University in the third world are
still far behind their male counterparts in almost all aspect. And, Nepal is no
exception. University’s status in the society results in a continuous lag in
opportunities in education, training, employment, health, public life, access
to economic rights and the like and their worth as individuals and as members
of the family and society is barely recognized. Although University are the
main providers of basic services in poor settlements, their key role remains
largely unrecognized.
University contribute to
development not only through remunerated work but also through a great deal of
unremunerated work. On the other hand, University participate in the production
of goods and services for the market and household consumption, in agriculture,
food production, or family enterprises. Though included in the United Nations
system of National Accounts and, therefore, in international standards for
labor statistics, this unremunerated work - particularly that related to
agriculture - is often undervalued and under-recorded. On the other hand, University
still also perform the great majority of unremunerated domestic work and
community work, such as caring for children and older persons, preparing food
for the family, protecting the environment, and providing voluntary assistance
to vulnerable and disadvantaged individuals and groups. This work is often not
measured in quantitative terms and is not valued in national accounts. University’s
contribution to development is seriously underestimated, and thus its social
recognition is limited. The full visibility of the type, extent and
distribution of this unremunerated work will also contribute to a better
sharing of responsibilities.
Several studies have
also demonstrated that University’s role of economic growth is influenced
by education, place of residence, spousal age difference, religion, age at
marriage, type of union, employment status, work status, ethnic affiliate, age,
and mate selection . (Gage ,1995)
Gender refers to the socio-cultural definition
of men and University; the way societies distinguish men and University and
assign them social roles. The distinction between sex and gender was
introduces to deal with general tendency to attribute University’s subordination
to their anatomy. For ages it was believed that the different characteristics,
roles and status accorded to University and men in society, are determined by
biology (i.e.), that they are natural, and therefore not changeable. Once
this is accepted as natural , there is obviously no need to address enables us
to state that sex is one thing, but gender is quite another. Everyone is born
male or female, and our sex can be determined simply by looking at our
genitalia. But every culture has its ways of valuing girls and boys assigning
them different roles, response and attributes. All the social and cultural
“packaging” that is done for girls and boys from birth onwards is “gendering.”
Each society slowly transforms a male or female into a man or a woman, into
masculine and feminine, with different qualities, behaviour patterns, roles
responsibilities, rights and expectations. Unlike sex, which is biological, the
gender identities of University and men are psychologically and socially, which
means historically and culturally determined. (BhasinK ,2010)
Who was among the first few feminist scholars to
use this concept and says the following: “Gender is matter of culture: it
refers to the social classification of men and University into ‘masculine’ and
‘feminine’. That people are male or female can usually be judged by referring
to biological evidence. That they are masculine or feminine cannot be judged in
the same way: the criteria are culture, differing with time and place. She
concludes that gender has no biological origin, that connections between sex
and gender are not really ‘natural’ at all. (Ann. O., 1974)
Acharya and Bennett
(1981) focused that University are primarily involved inside the household. University
are frequently dependent on men as mediators with the outside world. This
dependency deprives University of the opportunity to learn the skills necessary
for forms of development increasingly being made available by government. University
in the economically defined non dichotomous communities(LohorungRai,
Baragaonole, and Kham Magar) have considerably more decision making
responsibility both outside and inside the household than University in the
dichotomous communities( Maithali, Parbatiya, and Tharu), while remaining
communities(Newar and Tamang) University’s decision making roles falls in
between.
Majumdar
(1982), stressed on the Asian University who have been subjected to acute
social, economic and political prejudice and oppression in the past and which
continue even to this day, may be to a lesser degree. There are three
components to balance the inequality i.e. economic, political power and
knowledge. Asian University’s works are considered as unproductive. It is
closely associated with their inferior social status and the loss of personal
freedom. Non- socialist countries where the extension of capitalism has further
marginalized the economic and
